Untreated hearing loss: Although people with APD often have normal hearing, untreated hearing loss and the auditory deprivation it causes may also lead to problems with auditory processing in the brain. None of the four behaviors ranked 2 SD above the grand means (i.e., inattention, academic difficulties, asking for things to be repeated, and poor listening skills) was ranked in common. Tumors: Rarely, an auditory processing disorder may be caused by a brain tumor. Item analysis revealed that respondents identified a reasonably exclusive set of behaviors characterizing APD and ADHD-PI. Audiologists ranked the degree to which each symptom pertained to individuals with APD, and pediatricians ranked the same symptom as it relates to ADHD-PI. The present study extends this research by comparing audiologists' and pediatricians' rankings of 58 behavioral symptoms associated with APD and ADHD predominantly inattentive (PI) subtype, the ADHD subtype that presents without hyperactivity and impulsivity. Previous research has demonstrated that professionals use different behavioral descriptors to characterize APD and ADHD combined and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtypes, which present with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. In five studies, the performance of children diagnosed with APD was compared with the performance of children diagnosed with SLI: in two with children diagnosed with dyslexia, one with children diagnosed with ADHD, and in another one with children diagnosed with LD. Auditory processing disorder (APD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present overlapping symptomatology. Results: In total, 13 studies of which the methodological quality was moderate were included in this systematic review.
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